Distribution Transformer

The modern world runs on electricity, and from large industrial complexes to small household appliances, we rely on a steady supply of electricity for lighting, heating, computing, communications, transportation, and countless other applications. Distribution transformers are an important part of the huge demand for electricity.

Distribution transformers play a vital role in ensuring that the electricity we use reaches our homes and businesses safely and efficiently. In this article, we will discuss distribution transformers, their types, constructions, and their features in the world of electric drive.

What is the Distribution Transformer?

Single Phase Distribution Transformer

Ideal for lower capacity applications like residential complexes, commercial buildings etc. Common ratings are 10 kVA, 25 kVA, 63kVA.

Three-Phase Distribution Transformer

Used for higher capacities in industrial setups, large residential complexes etc. Some common ratings for three-phase distribution transformers are 25kVA, 40kVA, 63kVA, 100kVA, 160kVA, 200kVA, 315kVA, 500kVA etc.

Distribution Transformer Construction

The designing of a distribution transformer can be done similarly to small size transformers. The main parts of this transformer mainly include Oil Tank, Conservator, Buchholz Relay, Breather Unit, Oil Indicator, Temperature Detector, Pressure Relief Device, Thermal Relay, Radiator, and Bushing.

• The oil tank is used to soak the windings by placing it in.
• A conservator is arranged above the oil tank at the outside of the transformer frame. It is connected to the main tank with the help of a metallic tube. The oil within the tank can be easily contacted & enlarge throughout loading so that the temperature of the oil can be increased & decrease.
• Buchholz relay is used when a conservator tank is used. Because it indicates errors like loss of oil once it goes low, improper flow of oil between the tank & transformer.
• Breather Unit includes silica gel that absorbs moisture in the oil. It changes its color from blue color to pink color it is not capable to absorb moisture in the oil.
• The oil indicator indicates the level of the oil within the conservatory unit.
• The temperature detector monitors the temperature of the oil. If the temperature of the oil increases to a certain level then the transformer will be disconnected from the service.
• Pressure relief device decreases the pressure within the transformer to avoid an explosion of the transformer.
• Thermal relay is used as an indicator for the temperature of the winding
• The radiator is used to increase the transformer’s cooling efficiency.
• The bushing is used to connect the internal windings of the transformer with the help of an exterior electrical network.

Features of Distribution Transformer

High efficiency

Carefully optimized design ensures extremely low losses during energy transfer, which reduces electricity bills by reducing waste.

Reliability

Strict quality control in the design, raw materials and manufacturing process, so as to obtain high reliability. It will be enlarge or shrink according to the increase or decrease of the transformer's oil to prevent the oil to prevent the oil and insulation from alternative and damping, which enhances the reliability of running.

Protection function

Built-in device to protect the transformer from overheating, voltage spikes, short circuit and other problems. The coil is rolled with high strength enamelled wire or paper covered wire. Drum type, uniform distribution, reasonable insulation structure, strong short-circuit resistance.

Low maintenance cost

Solid sealed fuel tank, long life insulating oil, minimize maintenance needs.  The surface of the oil tank has been treated by phosphorus and painted by a special paint which is moisture proof,mould proof and salt proof.

Low environmental impact

Distribution transformers use non-toxic, biodegradable vegetable oil instead of mineral oil. Due to the use of excellent cold-rolled silicon wafers, the magnetic distribution inside the core is effectively improved, and the sound and loss are reduced.

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Distribution transformers play an indispensable role in our modern power distribution infrastructure. Their widespread installations across urban and rural areas serve as a testament to their crucial function – safely and efficiently stepping down high transmission voltages to the levels required by end users. Careful design, the use of quality materials, and strict manufacturing standards result in reliable transformer units that boast minimal energy losses and a reduced environmental impact.